THE APEX CARDIOGRAM IN ISCHAeMIC HEART DISEASE

The Normal Apex Cardiogram

T HE apex cardiogram was described in 1878 by Marey.' With the exception of its utilization in the timing of the opening snap of the mitral valve 2 3 and in the identification of the third and fourth heart sounds,4-6 it has been used only infrequently as an aid in timing cardiac phenomena. Technical difficulties in its recording have obstructed its more universal application and, more particula...

The Apex Cardiogram: Its Normal Features Explained by Those Found in Heart Disease.

The Normal Apex Cardiogram Its Temporal

T HE apex cardiogram was described in 1878 by Marey.' With the exception of its utilization in the timing of the opening snap of the mitral valve 2 3 and in the identification of the third and fourth heart sounds,4-6 it has been used only infrequently as an aid in timing cardiac phenomena. Technical difficulties in its recording have obstructed its more universal application and, more particula...

BLOOD PRESSURE COMPONENTS AS PREDICTORS OF ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE MORTALITY IN THE WEST OF SCOTLAND

The relative importance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) versus diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in predicting the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality is controversial. We have re-examined SBP compared to D BP and other combinations of SBP and D BP in predicting the risk of IHD mortality in a long-term cohort study oflO,541 men and women in the West of Scotland. During a mean fo...

The apex cardiogram in left bundle-branch block.

The apex cardiogram and its relation to intracardiac events has been well studied (Benchimol and Dimond, 1963; Tafur, Cohen, and Levine, 1964; Tavel et al., 1965; Coulshed and Epstein, 1963). This simple clinical procedure can be used to determine the length of isovolumic contraction, and this may relate to the state of myocardial contractility (Sambhi, 1960; Reeves et al., 1960; Siegel and Son...